Thinking

Chapters Graph

wpg_div_chapters_graph

References.

Robert D. Hare “Without Conscience”
his student working with MRI
Richard Thalor.”Misbehaving”.
Kahenman & Tversky “Prospect Theory”

Methodology

Dreams

Dreams: do we really see events or just remember that we have seen them? Indeed we remember dreams as movies. People, objects and subjects are moving and interacting. It is story or tail. I can see many things as I remember them. However many faces and details are not visible and identifiable. To remember “clip” as video+ file a lot of data should be saved. One model for that would be that just a textual compressed description is saved which would take small space. Then when we “remember” it, internal clip generator generates “movie” from this description.

Anesthesia

Anesthesia: pain management or memory management? (3) (Add description of experiment with memory pills vs pain suppressors).

Know vs believe

Our knowledge of the world is limited. We do not understand many things in the nature. Our understanding of part which we think we know is also changing. Many hypnotizes and theories in physics, medicine, other areas of knowledge were significantly changed or even rejected with the time. Examples: physics: teplorod (find english term fo the virtual gus which cary heat energy), efir (media for the electromagnetic waives to move like acoustic waives), newtonian physics extended by Einstein theory of relativity and quantum mechanic. (more examples in biology, history etc… need to be added) However current state of science is combination of all knowledge we have now. If we are talking about something which is not prime science it is believe. Believe does not have scientific proves. It is easy to make mistakes in intuitive estimates (3). There is no limit to believes. We appreciate very much believes, moral, intuitive predictions, dreaming about future, but it have to be separated from hard science which is prove based. It is possible that some scientific theories will be proven later wrong or not accurate, but it is all we have now.It is very important to understand differences in “science” methods and “believe / religion” methods. Methodology is all which separate / protect distinguish “science” from beleive. For example it does not make sense to say “this theory is confirmed by schientific methods today, but we cannot rely on it because it may change tomorrow”. This phrase does not belong to the world of science. It believe to the work of believe / religion. Scientific findings comply to some (though loosely defined) cafeterias. Among them are: confirmation key experiments, reproducibility by other researchers and repeating results, compliance to the formal logic etc… (more need to be defined).

Geophysics

Geophysics Calculation of the undergrad structure using seismologic technology. Multiple devices on the service generate acoustic waives into the ground (acoustic generators, small explosive charges, etc.). Multiple sensors register acoustic waves including those reflected by underground objects as change of density, substance material, cavities and more. Computer program process these data and calculate shape of underground structuries. (Need more description and examples).

CAT-scan

Cat scan and MRI scan use mathematical algorithms to calculate internal structure of the body non invasive. Xray emitted via different paths through the body in the form of narrow beam. Sensor registers intensity of the resulting beam on the other side of the body. Computer program processes data and calculates internal structure. (Add MRI description, more detail and references).

D-equations

System of differential equations
Mathematical methods of solving
Boundary conditions are important

History

History
Methods of reconstruction of historical events
Boundary conditions and modeling
Verification of models with more events

Hologram

Hologram
Physical theorem of Reconstruction of internal structure based on hologram on the surface

Stubble

ball with stubble / bristles

Model

Modeling

Modeling as method of scientific researches.
Methods of discovery of internal structure based on external behavior

Bottom-up

Bottom up programming need modeling of large number of system components and their interactions to model behavior of system.

Genetic model use terminology like “dominant genes” etc…

Bio-molecular model use terminology like “DNA element”

We need to understand their relations in order to build mathematics and computer simulation models

Usually while configuring / creating model we try to understand different parts of the primary object which we want to model, it behavior elements and generate / create models of thous behaviors / functions. There are very many parameters and functions which define behavior of the objects, especially biological objects and even small variations ( chaos theory, game theory) of one parameter can dramatically change behavior of the model. Therefore reliability of the model is very low unless we understand all details of it behaviour very well.

Chaos

Deterministic system of large size behaves as non deterministic

Butterfly

Butterfly effect was introduced to explain big impact on the future of small events in the past
Butterfly effect also can be used to explain low accuracy of prediction of behavior of complex systems
Very small part of system model inaccuracy can have very high impact when complexity of system high

Top-down

Top down modeling can be done the way to avoid riser of butterfly effect.
We suggest other way to build model: create artificial model object of any internal structure which replic sertan part of the behaviour of primery object, then add complexity the way hehaviour will not change.

Virtual universe

Attempt to apply Top Down method to analyze virtual universe

Evolution

Abstract Evolution

Mathematical model of evolution objects
Evolution seems to have wider application then just biological objects. Evolution of mathematical objects is lot more fundamental and will carry very generic features of any evolution.
Efficiency / speed of evolution toward beneficial feature is greatly affected by distribution of environment pressure factors among group. Affection degree depends of the distribution algorithm strength / power. For example since sexual evolution is strong evolution factor, pressure distribution an-isotropic in the sex space will have great affect. Will slow down evolution for this factor as much as sexual factor increase speed of evolution for isotropic application.

Non-Darwinian biological evolution.

Describe what these are and existing evidence of it (including epigenetics, behavioral evolution, and the potential link between the two, with lots of citations)

Darwin and Lamarck
Genetic Drift/ Islander Effect/ Bottleneck ( i don’t understand these well enough to know how to incorporate)
Evidence of Lamarck model working via epi-genetics (and other mechanisms)

Social-genes

Evolution of social genes – genes which affect social behavior.
Paleolithic -> Neolithic -> Structured -> Social
Different timing for different population groups

Culture Evolution

Evolution of culture

Evolution of humans and at least higher mammals is multi-dimensional. First is the evolution of species described by by genetics. Another dimension is the evolution of cultural subgroups. While different dimensions of evolution occur independently, they are also inter-dependent. This inter-dependence influences each dimension in a certain way.

Evolution occurs among non-biological objects as well, including even non-material objects. We define the following set of properties necessary for an object to be subject to evolution: 1) reproduction and multiplication 2) trans-generational inheritance of properties 3) change of properties (for example mutations) 4) being subject to environmental pressure (selection). An example of an evolving non-biological non-material object that is subject to evolution is culture of various cultures e.g culture of a family, a professional society, a nationality, a political party. In the example of a family culture we can discuss evolution as 1. culture gets passed on from generation to generation by the process of teaching by parents. This means this culture is subject to reproduction. Second, it can multiply via being spread to other families, and the number of families inheriting this culture increases. Third, under the influence of environmental pressures, the family culture may change and adopt to its environment. Passing on of culture from generation to generation occurs both via teaching of children by parents, but also via books, inherited living conditions, traditions, styles of sustaining a living, etc. Examples of environmental pressures include spreading of a new religion, change in weather which influences style of sustaining a living, being conquered by other nations and cultures, adaptation of or influence by other cultures. Here we define culture in a broad sense, as a combination traditions, art, science, technology, ideals. Another example of a social structure that may intersect with a “family’ but is not the same thing is a professional society, such as artisans of medieval Europe, ethnicities (for example arabs), political parties (such as conservatives).

Evolution of cultural objects (cultural groups) influences biological evolution via environmental pressures on the properties that improve their survival in the framework of the given culture. Some obvious examples include acquirement by societies of biological properties that support a certain cultural environment. For example, an artisan culture of fisherman produces a biological pressure on individuals who are susceptible to sea-sickness, which reduces their chance of survival in this specific culture. Another example is the pressure of religion on certain individual properties, including propensity to being obedient vs. propensity for revolt. The reverse is true as well e.g biological properties influence cultural evolution. Individuals may be susceptible to develop their culture in a way that is conducive to their biological properties.

Let us discuss the properties of evolution of various classes of object that are specific to those classes, specifically evolution of cultural and biological properties. We will note that cultural objects are less stable than biological objects. Indeed, with abrupt environmental changes, such as being conquered by another nation, an infectious epidemic, abrupt change in weather that changes household traditions within a few generations, cultural properties can crumble very quickly. Biological object, by contrast, are more stable. It takes a longer time for the genotype to change among a species. As another, more basic example, you can burn books dictating a culture in one night. Changes of height or hair color may require many generations.

Elements of all dimensions of evolution are part of the environment for each dimension individually. When the environmental pressures of several parallel dimensions of evolution coincide, the force of each will be increased. For example if a culture adopts to changes in weather or ways to acquire food by increasing the pressure on biological evolution, this cultural adaptation with thus speed up biological evolution. On the other hand, speed of cultural evolution will increase when the environmental pressure includes biological properties more conducive to a specific cultural change. In this cultural and biological objects may mutually increase each other’s speed, increasing the rate of adaptation to other changes in the environment. Forceful combination of cultural and biological objects with non-intersecting or even contradicting adaptation to environment will quickly slow down or even annihilate the evolution of both, reducing their ability to adopt to the environment.

The above discussion can be applied to not only culture of humans but also animals, which also can be said to possess a culture, at a minimum described by the teaching of off-spring by their parents.

Discussion: transferring cultures of civilization to cultures of indigenous people and vice versa, if not done slowly and carefully, will lead to disastrous consequences. Quick transfer of biological objects into a cultural environment that has different environment pressures will not be effective. [LOTS OF EXAMPLES]. 1) animal examples 2) Democracy examples

There are many mechanisms influencing the speed of evolution. The one described in this article is one of them. There are other examples including sexual reproduction.

Sex Evolution

Why and When secual reproduction gives evolution advantage

Let us refer to sexual reproduction we do not only mean that of our species, but any type of reproduction where the DNA of the offspring is determined by a chance combination of 2 or more parents. In what circumstances does sexual reproduction have an evolutionary advantage and, if those circumstances exist, why are they evolutionarily advantageous? There are many species that exist without sexual reproduction over many generations, while the evolutionary process allows their conservation and evolutions a successful species and successful examples of evolution. At the same time, there are certain species that are only able to survive due to sexual reproduction. An interesting question is: What are the mechanisms and reasons for both for types of reproduction?

Species, populations and groups of organisms evolve under the pressure of environmental changes. The combination of parameters of this environment that influence evolutionary pressures and which differs among different species may be presented as a multi-dementional space of different parameters. A theorem of topology (describe and ref) allows us to represent these parameters as a functional space that gives rise to a continuous space.

The genotype all all individuals in a population is the same to a large percentage. So, let us say that an individual’s genotype consists of a “base” that is the same among all individuals and “differences”. The differences are a very small percentage of the total (cite the difference) and those differences are spread out. Let us consider the “differences” as adaptations to the surrounding environment. The degree to which an individual is adopted to a certain environmental factor can be different. A higher degree of adaptation demands a greater level “difference” in genotype. A change for lower adaptation is a subset of change for higher level of adaptation. Degree of adaptation vs. number of change is a non-linear relationship. That is to say, with increased adaptation to an environmental factor, the incrimental increase in change is smaller. Conversely, with increased adoptively, a small genetic change will lead to greater increase in adoptively. Adaptivity to a certain environmental factor is different among different individuals because the environmental factor.

Therefore, when recombination does happen, the differences are unlikely to be close to each other and will always be interspersed with the “base” genotype. therefore every piece of information of the DNA will consist of a chance selection of 1) unique difference of one of individuals plus base genotype, 2) unique difference of the other individual plus base genotype. Therefore when you combine two genotypes by chance selection of components from each, the result will have half of the characteristics from one parent, half of the characteristics encoded by the other parent, and the rest will consist of the base genotype.

Sexual reproduction increases the number of adaptations to different environmental factors while decreasing the degree of each adaptations. Therefore the comparative effectiveness of asexual reproduction vs. sexual reproduction as well as the number of parents in sexual reproduction is dependent on the speed of change of environmental factors. When environment changes slower for each individual, then asexual reproduction is a lot more effective than sexual reproduction, while the advantage of properties acquired by sexual reproduction is low, because the probability of getting to a different point in the environment is low.

Since the combination of environmental parameters for different species varies, then with the same types of changes of environmental factors, some species can stay in the same point in the space of environmental factors, while some species can move forward.

Asymmetrical Sex Evolution

Degradation of feature in asymmetrical sex evolutionary stimulus

Computer simulation of evolution

Review of Evolution simulation SW available on Internet
Evoright Evolution simulation SW for TD models

Biological models

Sex segregation experiment

Expose a control and experimental groups to a forceful external environmental factor (light). The factor will have need sufficient force to kill the population unless it adopts.
In experimental group eliminate all members of one SEX with characteristic that is the opposite of what is required to survive the external environmental factor
Hypothesis: Control group will survive, while experimental group will become extinct after several generations.
Conclusion: non-homogeneity of of internal factors (eye size) between sexes leads to extinction.
Example application of conclusion: lack of women’s participation in society (via which they acquire skills and knowledge we can here deep equivalent to eye size) – will lead to extinction (the same can be said if roles are reversed and men do not participate)

Age segregation experiment

Expose control and experimental groups to a forceful environmental factor (some commensal bacteria for example that would causes disease unless one adopts since young age, i don’t know will have to think about it need more than one brain for these details) that will lead to extinction unless the population adopts
In an experimental group eliminate all the members of a certain AGE (young age) from exposure to this environmental factor
Hypothesis: after several generations the experimental group will become extinct (will die from disease)
Conclusion: Non-homogeneity of external factor between ages will lead to extinction
Possible application of conclusion: raising children in an environment that is extremely unlike the real world (homeschooling) will lead to degradation and extinction. Here, we must consider schools as being part of the real world, because they are

Societal movements, family and workforce structure.

Existing evidence and proposed experiments

Existing evidence

FEMINISM

education

family structure and M v F in workforce. Literature on Women and changes brought upon their fields

RUSH OF MINORITIES TOWARDS MERIT

Historical experimental evidence

flourishing civilizations thrive with a mixing of cultures

USA’s Melting pot

Japan’s Asexuality crisis

Polygamist societies to monogamist. Comparison to super religious societies

Fruit-fly protocol

Experimental testing of Asymmetrical Sex Evolution using Fruit Fly

Evolution and environment pressure

There is a space of all environmental factors that produce pressure on evolution. In this case, if all the organisms are in one spot of this space, the n parallel inheritance will have no effect of evolution. If all organisms are in different spots statically, then sexual reproduction will slow evolution. If all organisms are moving within the environment space, then sexual reproduction will speed up evolution.

Attempt to generalize and quantify speed of evolution

Thinking modeling

Models of thinking can be created using Bristle-ball method based on few “bristles”

Fast-slow

Thinking Fast and Slow research discovered two independent mechanisms of thinking which exist independently and concurrently.

Self-control

Self control is discovered to be competition of the two independent mechanisms.(3)

Screen-game

Conscience interact with outside world via virtual screen created by sub conscience.
controllable conscience CC
uncontrollable conscience UC (subconsience)
CC is blind and can only see “virtual screen” or “virtual environment” VE which is created by UC. VE includes visual, sensual and even emotional virtual representation of the world. CC acted using this picture. Deformations of VE can cause behavior anomalies and negative psychiatric conditions.

ECG3

Experiments with ECG of different people with “PA” on the pictures with different level of emotionally loaded context.(1)

MRI3

Experiments of the MRI of para-limbal system for the emotionally loaded context of different levels capabilities.(2)

Intelligence

F-prediction

Forward prediction level of intelligence (thinking). Use of compressed language based model.(3), (4).

M-level

Model of multi level prediction
recognize environment
transform it into simplified virtual description
explore all alternations
find those better and deliver them to conscience
recreate? full environment

transformation is needed for the processing as it reduce and formalize number of variations.
Example:
Initial environment consist of multiple balls of different color and size on the flat surface. There are also other objects in the environment which are omitted in transformation. Transformed environment is list of the balls with their sizes and colors. Variations are possible on this list and parameters. Then recreated environment will have only objects from the list and will not have those omitted during transformation.

E-prediction

Evolution of thinking as evolution of forvard prediction mechanism

B-economy

Behavior economy. Econ vs behavior abnormalities.

Stock-Market

Analise Stock Market using behaviour economy anomalies and forward prediction model

B-politology

Behavior politology. Same ideas used to create behavior economy applied to the politology

Diag-pa

Diagnostic of “PA” Psychological Anomalies.

Fix-pa

Fixing “PA”

Ai-prediction

Using F-prediction for the design of AI – Artificial Intelligence.

BB-copy

Use of BB (Bristles Ball) method to copy conciseness.